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Viking 1
Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft (along with Viking 2) sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. It was the first spacecraft to successfully land on Mars and perform its mission,〔The Soviet Union's Mars 3 landed successfully but stopped transmitting after 15 seconds.〕 and held the record for the longest Mars surface mission of days〔 or sols〔 (from landing until surface mission termination, Earth time) until that record was broken by the Opportunity Rover on May 19, 2010.〔http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_opportunity.html〕
== Mission ==
Following launch using a Titan/Centaur launch vehicle on August 20, 1975 and a 10-month cruise to Mars, the orbiter began returning global images of Mars about 5 days before orbit insertion. The Viking 1 Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on June 19, 1976 and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 h site certification orbit on June 21. Landing on Mars was planned for July 4, 1976, the United States Bicentennial, but imaging of the primary landing site showed it was too rough for a safe landing. The landing was delayed until a safer site was found. The lander separated from the orbiter on July 20 08:51 UTC and landed at 11:53:06 UTC. It was the first attempt by the United States at landing on Mars.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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